Thursday, 8 February 2018

Water Resources Question Bank

1) Water from dirty ponds and Sewages evaporates and becomes cloud in the sky then rains as pure water into lakes/ponds. Taking this situation into account, in which type of resource you may put water?
2) Even though three-fourth of the earth is water and water is a renewable resource, then why it is predicted that by 2025, nearly 2 billion people will live in absolute water scarcity?
3) Some places have sufficient amount of water in the surrounding but still faces water scarcity. What do you conclude from this situation?
4) What is the most important benefit of 'Hydrological cycle'? 
5)   Delhi gets average annual rainfall of 75 cm but is the largest urban area in India. This year monsoon is weak and what would be the effect on Delhi?
6) What are the source of freshwater on earth?
7)   A region having annual rainfall of 75 cm but contains 1 lakh rural popultion and another region having 125 cm rainfall but is an urban area with 50 lakh population. Which area you think may face water scarcity?
8) Hydroelectric power contributes about 22 per cent of its total energy produced in India, why it is not increased as its neighbours have more then 30% hydel powers?
9) How agriculture sector contribute to depletion of fresh water in India?
10) Do you think now, rivers have enough fresh water for human consumption?
11) What will be the consequences, if the fresh water is not conserved now?   Or What are the benefits of fresh water conservation?
12)   Name an ancient large hydraulic structure built in the 1st century BC in North India?
13)   Name the hydraulic structure that obstruct the flowing water and regulate the flow for constructive purpose?
14) What is the importance of Hirakud Project?
15)   Which is popularly termed as The Temples of Modern India'?
16)   Give one negative consequence of damming on aquatic creatures? Or How Dams affect negatively on living organism?
17)   How dams results land degradation, give one example?
18)   How irrigation changed the cropping pattern in India?
19)   Name some hydroelectric projects on Damodar River Basin.
20)   Recently inter-state river water disputes increased significantly. Why so?
21) Gujarat and Maharashtra has many river water dams and reservoirs but these states were flooded extensively in 2006. What was the reason?
22) Besides flood and sedimentation, what are the other negative consequences of Multi-purpose Projects?
23) In Kerala it is now in news that some regions have their ground water contaminated and small rivers have already polluted due to industrialisation. What solution do you offer the local people to counter consequent drinking water problem?
24) Cherrapunji gets more than 1100 cm rainfall annually but only 55 km away Shillong gets only about 100 cm rainfall and consequently faces water scarcity, why so contrast?
25) What are the benefits of constructing . tankas in Rajasthan?
26)   Let's consider two rivers Yamuna and Suryu flows in the same state of Madhya Pradesh. Yamuna is flowing with sharp gradient/slope of 1/20 meter where as Suru is flowing on gentle slope of 1/200m. Then which river is best suitable for construction of dam for hydroelectric purpose?

27)   Give one agrument in favour of Multi-Purpose project.
28)   Which is the first State to make mandatory for all house holder to harvest roof top rain water?
29)   What are 'Guls' or 'Kuls'?
30)   Why people oppose the big hydroelectric projects in India?
31) Explain three reasons for multi-purpose projects and large dams coming under great scrutiny and opposition.
32) What are the benefits of conservation of water? Or Give three reasons to justify the need to conserve water.
33)   Why is the scarcity of water increasing day by day in India? Explain any three reasons. Or Explain any four reasons responsible for water scarcity in India.
34)   Give two reasons why rainwater harvesting is important in India. Name two states which practice rainwater harvesting in India.
35) What were the reasons for launching multi-purpose river projects in India after independence?
36)     (a) What is shown in the picture? (b) In which area of India is such a system for water usage found? (c) What is the material used for transporting water in this system? (d) What is the source of this water?
37)   Explain how water becomes a renewable resource.
38)   Define Water scarcity and its causes? Or What is water scarcity and what are its main causes?
39) Analyse the Pros and Cons of Multipurpose projects. Or Compare the advantages and disadvantages of multi-purpose river projects.
40) Why are different water harvesting systems considered a viable alternative to both socioeconomically and environmentally tally in a country like India.
41)   How do increasing number of industries exert pressure on existing fresh water resources?
42)   What is the reason behind Krishna-Godavari water dispute? Name the multi-purpose river valley project constructed on River Krishna. 
43) Describe the working of the rooftop rainwater harvesting being practiced in India.
44)     Multi-purpose projects are 'Temples of Modern India', Justify. Or Explain Mr Jawaharlal Nehru's statement that dams are 'Temples of Modern India'.
45) What are inter-state water disputes? Why are such issues raised? Give some examples of such disputes.
46)   Construction of the Rihand dam has displaced people living in the area, who accepted their sufferings as a sacrifice for the sake of their nation. But now, after thirty bitter years of being adrift, their livelihood having even become more precarious, they keep asking: "Are we the only ones chosen to make sacrifices for the nation?"   Do you think that their complaint is justified? If so, what should the government have done at that time, so that this would not come to pass?
47)   A recent newspaper report states, "With Tamil Nadu and Karnataka failing to agree on how much Kaveri water should be released by Karnataka, the Supreme Court will now decide whether Tamil Nadu's plea for the release of 30 thousand million cubic feet of water between Dec 1 and 15 is feasible." Why do the state governments have disputes which reach the Supreme Court? Is there not a better method for solving such disputes which are acceptable to all?
48)   Discuss how is rainwater harvesting in semi-arid regions of Rajasthan carried out.
49) Describe how are modern adaptations of traditional rainwater harvesting methods being carried out to conserve and store water?
50) Why is ground water a highly overused resource? Or Discuss the reason for over-exploitation of ground water.
51)   Punjab is a state with average annual rainfall of 75 cm but flow with 5 big rivers. Now, green revolution practiced intensively in the state. After 1990s 3 million plus cities are developed in the state and growing rapidly. What would be the state of health of water resource in the state after next 15 year?
52)   Ground water is depleting day by day, rivers are now toxicated and rain water harvesting is a very small proportion to the requirement of fresh water to sustain the ecology. In near future there will be a pan India ecological crisis. Do you agree with this conclusion? Justify your argument? 
53) What is the traditional system of rainwater harvesting used in Rajasthan?
54)   Define the term 'Dam'.
55)   Mention any three water harvesting systems practiced in India.
56)   Why may an area or region having ample water resources still faces water scarcity? 
57) On the map of India given below, identify and label the following rivers (i) on which the Sardar Sarovar dam is being built. (ii) on which the Hirakud dam is built. (iii) on which a sophisticated water harvesting system channelling the flood water was built in the 1st century BC. (iv) on whose waters there is a dispute between Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. 
58)   On the map of India given below, mark and label the locations of the following dams (i) Mettur (ii) Koyna (iii) Tehri (iv) Nagarjuna Sagar 
59)     On the map of India given below, mark and label the states where the following rainwater harvesting systems are found (i) Underground tanks or tankas for storing drinking water. (ii) Bamboo drip crop irrigation system. (iii) Diversion channels like 'Guls or 'Kuls for agriculture. (iv) A village having 200 households with rooftop rainwater harvesting systems installed.  
60)   How is freshwater obtained?
61)   What is water caused?
62)   How is water scarcity caused?
63)   How is industrialization responsible for water crisis?
64)   How did urbanization lead to water scarcity?
65)   How did we conserve water during ancient times?
66)   What is a dam?
67)   What are the benefits of dams?
68)   With which approach were multi-purpose projects launched after independence?
69)   Why did Jawahar Lal Nehru proclaim dams as 'Temples of modern India'?
70)   Why have multipurpose dams come under great scrutiny?
71)   Why are local communities displaced for bringing up multi-purpose projects?
72)   What was 'Narmada Bachao Andolan'?
73)   How do dams create inflicts between people wanting different uses and benefits from the same water resources?
74)   How can dams cause floods?
75)   What is the viable alternative of multipurpose projects?
76)   How did people in ancient times exercise water harvesting system?
77)   What were 'Kuls' or 'Guls'?
78)   How did people in West Bengal practice water harvesting?
79)   What were 'johads' and 'khadins'?
80)   What are 'tankas'?
81)   What does 'Palar Pani' mean?
82)   Is rain water harvesting practiced these days in western Rajasthan?
83)   How is Gendathur included as one of the rare villages to adopt rainwater harvesting?
84)   Which state is the only state which has made rooftop rainwater harvesting compulsory?
85)   What is bamboo drip irrigation? 
86)     What are the main causes of water scarcity?
87)   Give reasons for the need of conservation of water.
88)   What are the advantages of a multi-purpose project?
89)   Why have multi-purpose projects and large dams come under great scrutiny and opposition?
90)   What do you know about the 'Narmada Bachao Andolan'?
91)   Explain how water becomes a renewable resource.
92)   Give various methods of rainwater harvesting since ancient times.
93)   What was Gendathur renowned for?
94)   What do you know about 'tankas'?
95)   What does qualitative scarcity of water mean?
96)   What are the main culprits of the assault on Indian rivers?
97)   What is a dam? What types of dams are built?
98)   Why did Jawaharlal Nehru proudly proclaim the dams as the 'temples of modem India'?
99)   What do you know about river-water dispute between the states of India? 
100)   In what ways are intensive industrialization and urbanization responsible for water scarcity?
101)   How have multi-purpose projects and large dams been the cause of many new social movements?
102)   Describe how modem adaptations of traditional rainwater harvesting methods are being carried out to conserve and store water.
103)   What do you know about the 'Bamboo-Drip Irrigation System'?
104)   Give a brief description of 'Hydrological Cycle'.
105)   What do you understand by Quantitative Scarcity of water?
106)   What do you know about hydraulic structures in ancient India?
107)   Here are some false statements; identify the mistakes and rewrite them correctly. (i) Multiplying urban centres with large and dense population and urban lifestyles have helped in proper utilization of water resources. (ii) Regulating and damming of rivers does not affect the river's natural flow and its sediment flow. (iii) In Gujarat, the Sabarmati basin farmers were not agitated when higher priority was given to water supply in urban areas, particularly during droughts. (iv) Today in Rajasthan, the practice of rooftop rainwater harvesting has gained popularity despite high water availability due to the Rajasthan canal. 
108)   What is the contribution of India's hydroelectric power to the total electricity produced in the country? (a) 22% (b) 30% (c) 40% (d) 50%
109)   Who had sophisticated the water harvesting system channelling the flood water of Ganga? (a) Jawaharlal Nehru (b) Mahatma Gandhi (c) Sringaverapura (d) None of these
110)   During whose reign were the dams, lakes and irrigation systems built extensively? (a) Ashoka (b) Chandragupta Maurya (c) Akbar (d) None of these
111)   When was the largest artificial lake built? (a) 16th century (b) 17th century (c) 18th century (d) 11th century
112)   What was regarded as part of well-developed rooftop rainwater harvesting in Rajasthan? (a) Matkas (b) Tankas (c) Kuls (d) None of these
113)   What was the other name for rainwater in semi-arid and arid regions? (a) Pani (b) Barish pani (c) Kaccha pani (d) Palar pani
114)   Which place in India receives the highest rainfall? (a) Cherrapunjee (b) Mawsynram (c) Kolkata (d) None of these
115)   Where is rooftrop rainwater harvesting most common? (a) Manipur (b) Meghalaya (c) Darjeeling (d) Himachal
116)   Which state has made rooftop rainwater harvesting compulsory for all houses across the state? (a) Kerala (b) Karnataka (c) Maharashtra (d) Tamil Nadu     
117) What are the main reasons for the water scarcity these days?
118) Give an example of any one state of India, where rainwater harvesting is taken seriously.
119) It is said that multipurpose projects serve a number of purposes but simultaneously lead to lot of problems too. Is it true?
120) How will water scarcity have its impact on our lives?

121) What are the main reasons for the water scarcity these days?

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